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  • Volume 28, Issue 3-5

Integrated Soil, Crop and Water Management System to Abate Herbicide and Nitrate Contamination of the Great Lakes

C. S. Tan, C. F. Drury, J. D. Gaynor, T. W. Welacky
Published August 1993, 28 (3-5) 497-507;
C. S. Tan
Agriculture Canada, Research Station, Harrow, ON, NOR 1G0, Canada
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C. F. Drury
Agriculture Canada, Research Station, Harrow, ON, NOR 1G0, Canada
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J. D. Gaynor
Agriculture Canada, Research Station, Harrow, ON, NOR 1G0, Canada
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T. W. Welacky
Agriculture Canada, Research Station, Harrow, ON, NOR 1G0, Canada
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Abstract

Corn management practices, incorporating annual ryegrass intercrop, conservation tillage and water table management, were evaluated to reduce herbicide and N0−3 losses through surface runoff and tile drainage. The integrated management system being developed at Harrow in S.W. Ontario reduced herbicide input 50% by banding the chemical over the seed row. Runoff events close to herbicide application contained high concentrations of atrazine, metribuzin and metolachlor. However, the volume of runoff was low during the 1991 growing season, therefore herbicide loss was low (<2% of applied). The three herbicides rapidly dissipated in the soil so that subsequent runoff events transported little herbicide in the runoff water. The total quantity of de-ethyl atrazine loss was lower from soil saver than moldboard plow. No water table control or intercrop effects were found in 1991 for herbicide loss because of the drought Tile drainage resulted in a greater volume of water and loss of N0−3 than with surface runoff. Consequently, over 97% of the total N0−3 loss occurred through tile drainage. The flow weighted N0−3 concentration in tile drainage water was 22.5 mg N L−1 for the drainage treatments and 15.1 mg N L−1 for the water table control treatments from Nov. 1, 1991 till April 30, 1992. During this time period, N0−3 loss through tile drainage was 57.8 kg N ha−1 from the drainage treatments and 36.3 kg N ha−1 from the water table control treatments. Therefore, the water table control treatment reduced the flow weighted N0−3 concentration in tile drainage water by 33% and total N0−3 loss by 37%. The water table control treatments combined with soil saver tillage resulted in lower concentrations and losses of N0−3 than with any other treatments.

  • Herbicide
  • atrazine
  • metolachlor
  • metribuzin
  • nitrate
  • water table control
  • tillage
  • intercrop
  • surface runoff
  • tile drainage
  • © International Association on Water Quality 1993

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Water Science and Technology: 77 (6)
  Volume 28, Issue 3-5

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Integrated Soil, Crop and Water Management System to Abate Herbicide and Nitrate Contamination of the Great Lakes
C. S. Tan, C. F. Drury, J. D. Gaynor, T. W. Welacky
Water Science and Technology Aug 1993, 28 (3-5) 497-507;
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Integrated Soil, Crop and Water Management System to Abate Herbicide and Nitrate Contamination of the Great Lakes
C. S. Tan, C. F. Drury, J. D. Gaynor, T. W. Welacky
Water Science and Technology Aug 1993, 28 (3-5) 497-507;

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Keywords

herbicide
atrazine
metolachlor
metribuzin
nitrate
water table control
tillage
intercrop
surface runoff
tile drainage
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