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  • Volume 76, Issue 1

Using one filter stage of unsaturated/saturated vertical flow filters for nitrogen removal and footprint reduction of constructed wetlands

Ania Morvannou, Stéphane Troesch, Dirk Esser, Nicolas Forquet, Alain Petitjean, Pascal Molle
Published July 2017, 76 (1) 124-133; DOI: 10.2166/wst.2017.115
Ania Morvannou
Epur Nature, 12 rue Toussaint Fléchaire, Caumont-sur-Durance 84510, France E-mail: alain.petitjean@epurnature.frIrstea – Wastewater Treatment Team – Freshwater System, Ecology and Pollution Research Unit, 5 rue de la Doua, CS 70077, Villeurbanne Cedex 69626, France
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Stéphane Troesch
Epur Nature, 12 rue Toussaint Fléchaire, Caumont-sur-Durance 84510, France E-mail: alain.petitjean@epurnature.fr
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Dirk Esser
Société d'Ingénierie Nature & Technique, Chef-lieu, La Chapelle du Mont du Chat 73370, France
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Nicolas Forquet
Irstea – Wastewater Treatment Team – Freshwater System, Ecology and Pollution Research Unit, 5 rue de la Doua, CS 70077, Villeurbanne Cedex 69626, France
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Alain Petitjean
Epur Nature, 12 rue Toussaint Fléchaire, Caumont-sur-Durance 84510, France E-mail: alain.petitjean@epurnature.fr
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Pascal Molle
Irstea – Wastewater Treatment Team – Freshwater System, Ecology and Pollution Research Unit, 5 rue de la Doua, CS 70077, Villeurbanne Cedex 69626, France
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Abstract

French vertical flow constructed wetlands (VFCW) treating raw wastewater have been developed successfully over the last 30 years. Nevertheless, the two-stage VFCWs require a total filtration area of 2–2.5 m2/P.E. Therefore, implementing a one-stage system in which treatment performances reach standard requirements is of interest. Biho-Filter® is one of the solutions developed in France by Epur Nature. Biho-Filter® is a vertical flow system with an unsaturated layer at the top and a saturated layer at the bottom. The aim of this study was to assess this new configuration and to optimize its design and operating conditions. The hydraulic functioning and pollutant removal efficiency of three different Biho-Filter® plants commissioned between 2011 and 2012 were studied. Outlet concentrations of the most efficient Biho-Filter® configuration are 70 mg/L, 15 mg/L, 15 mg/L and 25 mg/L for chemical oxygen demand (COD), 5-day biological oxygen demand (BOD5), total suspended solids (TSS) and total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), respectively. Up to 60% of total nitrogen is removed. Nitrification efficiency is mainly influenced by the height of the unsaturated zone and the recirculation rate. The optimum recirculation rate was found to be 100%. Denitrification in the saturated zone works at best with an influent COD/NO3-N ratio at the inflet of this zone larger than 2 and a hydraulic retention time longer than 0.75 days.

  • footprint
  • performance
  • unsaturated/saturated conditions
  • vertical flow constructed wetland
  • First received 2 November 2016.
  • Accepted in revised form 13 February 2017.
  • © IWA Publishing 2017
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Water Science and Technology: 77 (7)
  Volume 76, Issue 1

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Using one filter stage of unsaturated/saturated vertical flow filters for nitrogen removal and footprint reduction of constructed wetlands
Ania Morvannou, Stéphane Troesch, Dirk Esser, Nicolas Forquet, Alain Petitjean, Pascal Molle
Water Science and Technology Jul 2017, 76 (1) 124-133; DOI: 10.2166/wst.2017.115
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Using one filter stage of unsaturated/saturated vertical flow filters for nitrogen removal and footprint reduction of constructed wetlands
Ania Morvannou, Stéphane Troesch, Dirk Esser, Nicolas Forquet, Alain Petitjean, Pascal Molle
Water Science and Technology Jul 2017, 76 (1) 124-133; DOI: 10.2166/wst.2017.115

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Keywords

footprint
performance
unsaturated/saturated conditions
vertical flow constructed wetland
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